ABSTRACT
From September 1993 to August 2001, 7,190 phlebotomine were collected with CDC light trap in an endemic area for human leishmaniasis, in the departments of Misiones and Itapúa, Paraguay. Eleven species were identified: Lutzomyia neivai (93.7 percent), L. whitmani (4.1 percent), and L. fischeri, L. shannoni, L. migonei, L. misionensis, L. cortelezzii, L. pessoai, L. alphabetica, Brumptomyia avellari and B. guimaraesi (less than 1 percent). The last three species are new records for the country. The biodiversity and phlebotomine abundance were associated with the proximity to primary forest or gallery forest, but L. neivai was also found in peridomestic periurban environment. L. neivai was found throughout the year, and showed a period of higher activity from September to April (spring to fall) with a unimodal or bimodal pattern in relation to the annual rainy peaks during the summer. Background literature about phlebotomine from Paraguay has been reviewed
Subject(s)
Animals , Insect Vectors , Psychodidae , Ecosystem , Paraguay , Population Density , SeasonsABSTRACT
A species of the Lutzomyia oswaldoi group is recorded from the Valcheta stream basin, Somuncura plateau, Patagonia. It represents the World southermost record of a species of Phlebotominae, apparently supporting the hypothesis about the relictual character of several components of the Somuncura plateau biota, particularly for those species belonging to the Paranaense lineages
Subject(s)
Animals , Insect Vectors , Psychodidae , ArgentinaABSTRACT
The first epidemic tegumentary leishmaniasis outbreak in the province of Misiones was recorded in 1998, in the locality of Puerto Esperanza. Phlebotominae collected in the region, previously or simultaneously to the outbreak (September 1993-December 1998) showed that the species Lutzomyia intermedia s. l. was prevalent (94 percent, n 6,150) at all the sites sampled with miniature light trap (10) and Shannon trap (3). L. pessoai, L. whitmani, L. migonei, L. shannoni, L. fischeri, L. misionensis, Brumptomyia avellari and B. guimaraesi were also captured. Sand fly distribution in time and space suggests that in the province of Misiones (1) the species already present before 1990 could give rise to the epidemic by the density/dispersion fluctuation of their local populations; (2) the abundance of L. intermedia s. l. was associated with environments with ecotones of primary-secondary vegetation, close to water bodies and with moderate human disturbance; (3) this species showed, towards the end of 1997, peaks of exceptional abundance, subsequent to rainfall peaks in 1996. This increase in abundance of potential vector sand fly populations close to houses with colonizable surroundings could have generated the 1998 epidemic outbreak
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Male , Insect Vectors , Psychodidae , Argentina , Brazil , Disease Outbreaks , Ecosystem , Insect Vectors , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Population Density , Psychodidae , SeasonsABSTRACT
Lutzomyia longipalpis, el vector de Leishmania (L) chagasi, agente de la leschmaniosis visceral, es descripto por segunda vez, luego de 50 años, en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina. Se revista la literatura de los 16 casos de leschmaniosis visceral registrados en el país en las provincias de Salta, Jujuy, Santiago del Estero y Chaco. Dos hipótesis son evaluadas frente a los datos clínicos y resultados entomo-epidemiológicos: a) la lechmaniosis visceral en Argentina es producida por visceralización de L. (V.) braziliensis o sus variantes, b) L. (L.) chagasi se mantiene en focos enzooticos con contacto humano excepcional. Se realizan recomendaciones de procedimiento a partir de la aparición de un nuevo caso clínico, con el objeto de decidir entre ambas hipótesis, lo que permitirá adecuar la conducta diagnóstica y terapéutica, y determinar el riesgo de brotes en el futuro inmediato, así como las medidas de mistigación más apropiadas.